無損檢測英語學習園地---1

1    Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) acc. EN 13 480-5; article 81.1    NDE schedule

Based on the types and extent of NDE required under the applicable codes and standards or any additional specifications, the Fabricator/Installer or the inspection/test organization commissioned by him shall prepare a NDE schedule. The NDE schedule shall be submitted to Lurgi and, where applicable, the Authorized Inspector, for review and approval.

1.2    Selection of NDE method

The method and scope of non-destructive examination required are defined in the Lurgi welding data sheets.

For the criteria to be satisfied for the use of these examination methods, please refer to EN 12062.

In special cases, it may be necessary to examine the welds and the adjacent transition zones for cracks, open pores and other surface imperfections. This applies in particular to materials sensitive to cracking.

If required, the type and scope of magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination shall be separately agreed between Lurgi and the Fabricator/Installer. An additional magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination shall be performed in all cases where the Test Category B criteria for radiography and ultrasonic examination set out in AD 2000 HP 5/3 cannot be met for the respective material groups.

1.3    Performance of NDE

All NDE shall be performed by inspection/test organizations which can draw on properly qualified own personnel including own inspection/test supervisors and are equipped with suitable test equipment.

Where random examinations are specified, the welds to be examined shall be selected by the Fabricator/Installer and, in the case of piping subject to official inspection, the Authorized Inspector. Lurgi will verify the objective selection of welds to be examined and reserves the right to select additional welds to be subjected to NDE.

A minimum of 50 % of all the welds examined shall be field welds. Welds whose root side is not visible shall be preferably selected for examination.

A random examination scope of 10% means that 10% of all welds shall be completely examined (in each case, one out of ten welds shall be examined over its complete length).

After completion of the weld examinations, the examination results shall be evaluated by the inspection/test organization in cooperation with the Fabricator/Installer and, for piping subject to official inspection, the Authorized Inspector. Lurgi reserves the right to carry out random checks of the NDE evaluation.

Whenever possible, NDE should be started directly after completion of the first welds in order to obtain information on the quality of the welding work early on in the fabrication/installation process.

NDE shall be performed after the last fabrication step and where welds are heat treated, after the final postweld heat treatment. (The Fabricator/Installer shall, however, be free to perform additional NDE prior to the postweld heat treatment) In the case welding repairs, the repaired welds shall always be examined by NDE in order to rule out a renewed repair and hence, a third postweld heat treatment.

All NDE shall be successfully completed prior to hydrostatic testing of the piping.

The Fabricator/Installer shall ensure access to the welds to be examined. Any scaffolding required for this purpose shall be provided by the Fabricator/Installer.

A sufficient time for NDE shall be provided for in the fabrication/installation schedule.

At construction sites, the removal of any scaffolding required for NDE or the commencement of insulation or coating work in the area of examined welds shall only be allowed after the examination result "no objections" is available and release for such work has been given by Lurgi.

For radiographic examination, the requirements of the radiation protection regulations shall be observed. In this connection, special care shall be taken to rule out harmful effects on personnel working in the vicinity of the test location or interferences with the proper function of radiometric level measuring instruments.

1.4    Qualification of NDE personnel

According to AD 2000 HP 4, NDE personnel shall have a sufficient basic knowledge to command the technology involved in the examinations to be performed by them.

Depending on the specific functions to be performed, NDE personnel shall furnish evidence of the following qualifications as per EN 473.

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